Co-creation as a social process for unlocking sustainable heating transitions in Europe

Abstract Providing heat is a key aspect of social life and necessity for comfort health in cold climates. Even though accounts large proportion worldwide carbon emissions the largest energy end-use, it has remained largely untouched by efforts to decarbonize. Efforts do so meet significant economic, social-psychological, technical political challenges. Much at stake. But what can make difference? One increasingly discussed potential solution co-creation. It provides spaces citizens share heating means them stakeholders build these insights into their programmes change. However, while local authorities, grassroots, community organisations are already implementing co-creation with homeowners groups citizens, there dearth academic research focusing on value co-creating sustainable transitions. This indicates lack evidence how new forms collaboration perform under which conditions they embedded policy cycle. Drawing European case studies where been applied, we outline future areas critical, engaged could help us understand unlock